Monday, June 30, 2014


Hi everybody! My name is Hanna Petroski, and I'm an Environmental Policy/Communications intern at Save the Harbor this summer.

 I grew up in a landlocked state, so it might seem strange that I came all the way to Boston for the summer to join an organization devoted to beaches. However, I spent my last summer on a beach, counting sea turtle nests. Somewhere between tripping over driftwood in the early mornings, dipping my toes in the surf during hot afternoons, and tracking turtles across the sand under the stars, I fell in love with the ocean. I knew I wanted to spend this summer as close to the sea as possible. Working on the beach, in every sense of the phrase, is a dream come true.

            I was drawn to Save the Harbor / Save the Bay for their holistic approach to conservation. As much as I love turtles, they aren't the only creatures to use the ocean. The harbor and beaches need to work for people too, and I'm excited to be part of an organization that has had so much success with cleaning up the water for both swimmers and marine ecosystems.

            In my three years studying environmental studies at the University of Chicago, I've focused my studies on ecology and human-environment interactions. I hope I can use this knowledge to effectively work on conserving the beautiful regions along the coastline here. I also hope to learn more about some of the behind-the-scenes work of environmental conservation, and to take this knowledge with me for my final year of undergrad and whatever comes after.


It's nice to meet you all, and I hope to see you at our events!

The Real Maxwell Kennedy-Reid

Hello everyone my name is Maxwell Kennedy-Reid and I will be a Lead Harbor Explorer this summer at Save The Harbor.  This is my first year with the program and after meeting Bruce I can say that I am very excited to have the opportunity to serve such a passionate organization with such a positive message.  I love having fun, cracking jokes and living life to the fullest but I suppose you want to know a little more than that.


I grew up in Cambridge Massachusetts and then moved to Medford in 6th grade.  I have always been a fan of the ocean ever since I was a kid because I love going to the beach with friends and family.  Whenever I am there I feel relaxed and at times away from the world, meaning away from the stress of school, jobs and life as a whole.  I have always viewed the ocean as an escape away from reality because its so beautiful and peaceful whenever I go to see it.  Every summer my friends and I spend a majority of our time at Nahant beach playing volleyball, lacrosse or just catching a swim and enjoying the beautiful summer days and nights, we can spend hours on top of hours there which unfortunately turns into a problem when we forget to re-apply sunblock (so pretty much every time) but it also leads to great adventures and even better memories.



Although I may not be the most educated and informed about the ocean I truly do enjoy it.  I am someone who is grateful to have the chance to serve Save The Harbor and learn more about the great beaches and other bodies of water we aim to protect while having fun and meeting everyone through sports and other activities.  Im also a huge fan of sports I play Lacrosse at Stonehill College and many intramural sports in my free time to stay active and because of my love for athletics.  Im excited to start the program and can't wait to meet you all.


Friday, June 27, 2014

Seagull Diversity in Boston Harbor

It’s safe to say that no matter where you go in Boston Harbor you will inevitably notice seagulls.  However the term seagull is generic and ambiguous in terms of physiology and behavior. While many of these species look similar they do in fact differ considerably.  Of the 26 species found in North America and around the Arctic Circle, 14 of them can be found in Boston Harbor.  Most of these species come down from the Arctic Circle to breed in the winter, however three of them are year round; Great Black-backed Gulls, Black-tailed Gulls and Herring Gulls.  

One of the most strikingly different species in both appearance and behavior is the Laughing Gull.  Unlike its closely related kin, Laughing gulls spend there winters much farther south closer to the equator and migrate to the northeast to breed in the summer.  Their distinct call for which they are named after and being the only species of these genera with a black neck and head typically present in summer make them easy and fun to identify for this time of year.  The rarest of the 14 species to pass through Boston Harbor is Franklin’s Gull.  This species has one of the longest migrations of these species spanning over 5,000 miles.  Never actually residing in the harbor Franklin’s Gull migrates up through the Northeast in the fall then heads west over the Great Lakes to western Canada to breed in the summer.  Another unique characteristic of this species is that unlike
other gulls this species has two distinctive molts that change its head and neck from completely black to a gray patch around the eyes and its beak from orange and black tipped to black and orange tipped.
Besides for size and markings, there are many other defining features that can be used to identify the various species of gulls that inhabit our coastal communities such as eye color, tail shape and the pattern in which they fly.

I highly recommend that if you’re interested in shoreline ecology, ornithology or just and enthusiast of birds and wildlife to find a field guide or app for your phone that you can take out with your on these excursions.  I highly recommend Peterson Field Guides due to their ease of use, beautiful illustrations and comprehensive subject matter.  However, if you want to travel light having the right app on your phone may be the way to go.  After trying out many of apps, the iBird Pro app is by far the most useful and educational tool for any bird outing.  With almost a thousand birds in its library and a host of features such as audio calls, photographs, illustrations, migration patterns and direct links to Flicker to post your own pictures right from your phone this is must have.  
 
I am a recent graduate from Central Connecticut State University and have been volunteering with Audubon Society for the last four years now.  I have been extremely fortunate to intern here in Boston for Save the Harbor/Save the Bay where I am able to research and write about issues that effect shore ecology and water quality.  


Until then, here are some other pictures of Boston Harbor’s avian wildlife I have managed to capture that I would like to share with you along with some links to live bird cams hosted by Cornell's Lab of Ornithology.  

A Great Black-backed (top left) and Ring-billed gulls in the Seaport District
Female Red-breasted Merganser (top left) and its mate (top right) off of Fish Pier
Great Egret (bottom) foraging for fish or crayfish and taking off

Great Blue Heron Cam

Wednesday, June 25, 2014

Get To Know Me - Lindsay Phenix


Hello All!

My name is Lindsay Phenix and I will be a Senior Harbor Educator this summer for Save the Harbor/Save the Bay.  This will be my first summer on the harbor and I can’t wait to get started!  Before we dive into the excitement to come, here is a little bit about myself!

I grew up in Tewksbury, Massachusetts and spent just about every summer on Cape Cod.  It was there that my love of the ocean began.  Thanks to my dad and grandfather I became fearless when it came to exploring the waters and shores just down the road from our beach house.  Turning over rocks to see what lived underneath, snorkeling in the shallows, collecting shells, and catching crabs with nothing more than string and the previous night’s leftovers provided endless days of entertainment and wonder.  It’s safe to assume that from those early days I developed sea foam in my veins and the ocean has fascinated me ever since. 


 
This fascination with the ocean and the living world around me led me to major in Biology when I attended Saint Michael’s College in Burlington, Vermont.   Although the green mountain state has no ocean in sight, I managed to work in my aquatic interests through my minors in Environmental Studies and Studio Art.  (Fun Fact: Although it often confused my art professors, I always chose to paint or draw sharks for my final projects)

The summer leading into my senior year I had the opportunity to study abroad on the Caribbean Island of South Caicos (located in the Turks & Caicos Islands).  There I studied with the School for Field Studies conducting research on the island’s marine life and marine protected areas.  Additionally, I learned about the many conservation efforts taking place to protect the fragile reef ecosystems from over fishing and global warming.  My time in South Caicos was amazing and the marine life was vastly different from everything I was used to finding in New England waters.  I can now say that I’ve captured and tagged sea turtles and baby lemon sharks, as well as swam with beautiful spotted eagle rays and countless tropical fish. 

My journey thus far has certainly been an interesting one, and I can’t wait to see where Save the Harbor/Save the Bay takes me.  Not only am I getting the opportunity to share my love of the ocean with others, but I’m also getting a chance to share another love of mine – that being sports!  I played volleyball, basketball and softball throughout high school, and I went on to play Division II Volleyball for my college.

I’m looking forward to this wonderful opportunity with Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, meeting new people, and most of all helping to inspire the next generation of crab catchers, beach explorers and shell enthusiasts!

Get ready to dive into summer!!

               

Tuesday, June 24, 2014

Kelly Randall- About me!


Hello everybody!

My name is Kelly Randall and I will be a Senior Harbor Educator this summer with Save the Harbor/ Save the Bay! This will be my first summer with STH, and I am beyond excited to get started- this is my first blog post of many, and I would like to take the time to tell you a little bit about myself!

I grew up on the Long Island Sound in Connecticut where I spent my summers exploring our beaches and waters on kayaks, sailboats, and stand-up paddleboards (needless to say- I love the water!)

Exploring tide pools in New Zealand
Ever since I was a child I have had a strong interest in our oceans, and knew that I would want to spend my life studying all they have to offer. I took my first Marine Science class in high school, and fell in love with the subject. I then went on to study Environmental Studies and Marine Sciences at Stony Brook University on Long Island. While completing my degree, I had the amazing opportunity of studying abroad in New Zealand at the University of Auckland. While there, I was able to further develop my knowledge and passion about Marine Sciences while studying the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Biology, as well as Ecological Restoration. I was also able to begin my SCUBA certification and had the opportunity to dive in the beautiful (but cold!) New Zealand waters- I even got to see a Little Blue Penguin in the wild!

My varied experiences and passion for my studies have led me here- to Save the Harbor/ Save the Bay. I am incredibly excited for the opportunity to work for a non-profit organization, teaching kids about the Boston Harbor and the importance of its conservation! I am eager to scour the beaches for horseshoe crabs and explore the Boston Harbor islands, as I am not a native Bostonian. My favorite lessons to teach are ones that enable kids to get up close and personal with some sea creatures- nothing is more exciting than pulling a crab trap out of the water and seeing what critters you’ve caught!

As I have said, I can’t wait to get this summer started! I am most looking forward to meeting new people, leading engaging activities centered on the Boston Harbor, and hanging out with some famous Boston lobsters!

Hope to see you on the beaches!

Kelly

Sunday, June 8, 2014

Save the Harbor 2014 Better Beaches Awards

On Saturday, June 7, 2014 Save the Harbor / Save the Bay awarded $31,500 in Better Beaches grants to 18 groups to support dozens of free public events in nine beachfront communities from Nahant to Nantasket this summer.

This year's Better Beaches Program awards winners at
Save the Harbor's office on Boston's Fish Pier.
This year’s “Better Beaches” events include sand sculpting competitions, beachfront concerts, environmental education programs, family fun nights, reading nights, art festivals, beach yoga, and other beach programs in Lynn, Nahant, Revere, Winthrop, East Boston, South Boston, Dorchester, Quincy and Hull.

By the end of the season, Save the Harbor's Better Beaches program will have invested more than $214,000 in small grants to beaches friends groups in Lynn, Nahant, Revere, Winthrop, East Boston, South Boston, Dorchester, Quincy and Hull. They in turn have leveraged our funds with $816,000 in additional cash and in-kind support for a total investment of more than $1 million in more than 200 free beach events and programs since 2007.

“The Boston Harbor region's public beaches are important assets to the region's residents and visitors alike,” said Patricia A. Foley, President of Save the Harbor/Save the Bay. “We are proud to support our partners in the city's waterfront neighborhoods and beachfront communities as they work to share their beaches and the harbor with the region’s kids and families.”

Among the events funded by the Better Beaches program this year
is the Revere Beach National Sand Sculpting Festival.

Save the Harbor / Save the Bay launched the Better Beaches grants program in 2008 to help local communities and formal and informal beaches Friends Groups jump-start free events and activities on public beaches from Nahant to Nantasket with the support of The Boston Foundation.

Today the funds to sustain this program come from the annual “Harpoon Helps Cupid Splash” pledge fundraiser, and Save the Harbor’s Better Beaches Program funding partners at Harpoon Brewery, JetBlue Airways, National Grid, Comcast Massachusetts, the Harold Whitworth Pierce Charitable Trust, Russo Marine, and P&G Gillette.

Nearly 200 brave souls plunged into the chilly waters of Boston Harbor this year
to raise funds for the Better Beaches Program at the Harpoon Helps Cupid Splash.

This year the “Harpoon Helps Cupid Splash” raised more than $30,000 from nearly 500 splashers and supporters to fund this year’s Better Beaches program grants, as participants competed for JetBlue Airways tickets and great gifts from Harpoon Brewery.

 "Harpoon started brewing beer on the waterfront 27 years ago. We couldn't have imagined then how Boston Harbor has been transformed into such a wonderful place" said Charles M. Storey, Sr. V.P. of Marketing at Harpoon Brewery. "Nor could we imagine that we would have so much fun plunging into clean, cold water and having a cold beer! We love being a part of the Cupid Splash and supporting Save the Harbor/Save the Bay and the Better Beaches Program."

Special thanks to our program partners at the BCYF Curley Community Center, the Department of Conservation & Recreation, the YMCA, Legal Sea Foods, Mix 104.1, and Tasty Burger for their support.

This summer Save the Harbor will once again host two Better Beaches events at the BCYF Curley Community Center at M Street Beach in South Boston. These include the Youth Beach Bash and Splash, which will bring 500 kids to the beach to celebrate clean water, and the Swim and Paddle for Boston Harbor, a one mile, chip-timed competitive swim and a stand up paddleboard race on one of the cleanest urban beaches in America.

Competitors line up for the stand up paddleboard race at last year's Swim and Paddle for Boston Harbor.

Here are the 2014 Better Beaches Awards Winners.

    In addition to the grants, Save the Harbor/Save the Bay also gave each group a bag of one-inch diameter marbles to scatter on their respective beaches as part of the “Simply Marble-ous” Treasure Hunt sponsored by JetBlue Airways. Anyone who finds one of these marbles between July 4th and the end of the summer will be have a chance to win a round trip airline ticket from JetBlue Airways.
    Ronda Ivy McLeod, Manager of Regional Marketing, Northeast at JetBlue Airways, whose team  raised more than $2,500 at this year's splash said "We are always happy to partner with Save the Harbor/Save the Bay. Core to our mission is inspiring humanity, whether it is in the air or on the beach!"

    For more information about Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, visit our website at www.savetheharbor.org and follow savetheharbor on Facebook and Twitter.

    For information on upcoming Better Beaches events, join our Boston Harbor Facebook page at www.facebook.com/bostonharbor

    Wednesday, June 4, 2014

    Waves of Change: The Report of the Metropolitan Beaches Commission.



    On Tuesday June 3, 2014 the Metropolitan Beaches Commission (MBC) released its’ report “Waves of Change” on the Boston Harbor region’s 15 public beaches in Nahant, Lynn, Revere, Winthrop, East Boston, South Boston, Dorchester, Quincy and Hull owned by the Commonwealth and managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). The MBC is Co-Chaired by Senator Tom McGee of Lynn and Representative Carlo Basile of East Boston, and is led and managed by Save the Harbor/Save the Bay.

    Copies of the Commission’s report “Waves of Change” and the hearing minutes, public comments, the budget analysis and other technical reports and appendices on which the report is based are available online at www.savetheharbor.org/MBC2014 

    The Commission held ten hearings at the State House and in each of the region’s waterfront neighborhoods and beachfront communities to examine the progress made on these beaches since it released its first report in 2007. “The investments we have made on these beaches strengthen our communities and the economy, improve people’s lives and demonstrate that government can work,” said Senator Tom McGee of Lynn, who Co-Chairs the Commission.

    The report identifies a number of continuing challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed to move these beaches from good to great. These include staffing levels at the beaches, which increased after 2007, but declined in recent years to the point where the Commission believes “that the beaches will inevitably reenter a cycle of decline, undermining the progress that has been made and failing to meet public expectations, as was the case before 2007”.

    “The Commonwealth’s investments in the Boston Harbor cleanup, the Boston Harbor Islands and our region’s public beaches have already resulted in dramatic improvements in the quality of life for residents in Boston and the region’s coastal communities,” said MBC Commissioner Paul Grogan, President and CEO of The Boston Foundation. “To protect those investments we must continue to find ways to fund the incremental changes that are necessary to further improve our beaches.”

    Much of the Commission’s effort in 2007 and again in 2013 has focused on the basic issues of beach management, maintenance and programming. To address these challenges and take full advantage of new opportunities will take continued independent oversight by the Commission. It will also take additional funds for capital projects, new equipment and continued investment in improved water quality to meet the growing need of the more than one million people who live within a short drive or ride to the beach.

    Other key challenges and opportunities identified in the report include: water quality and beach flagging, coastal resiliency and sea level rise, water transportation, improved information technology and management systems, parking and public safety, dog management and piping plover nesting areas. The Commission also called for DCR to invest additional funds to support free events and programs that are so important enhancing the public’s enjoyment of the beaches.

    “Local friends groups and Save the Harbor have helped jumpstart free events on these beaches, but government has a responsibility to provide direct financial support of these volunteer efforts to make them sustainable,” said David Spillane of the award winning planning firm Goody Clancy, who helped Save the Harbor manage the hearings and produce the report.

    The Commission recommends that DCR’s budget for full-time operations and seasonal staffing be increased by $3.5 million per year, and that the DCR make at least $190,000 per year available in matching grants to beach friends groups in waterfront neighborhoods and beachfront communities to support free events and programs.

    According to Bruce Berman of Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, the non-profit who helped lead and manage the inquiry and author the report, “These beaches contribute directly to the competitiveness of our region, making our cities and beachfront communities better places to live and work. Moreover, the combined economic impact of millions of residents enjoying these beaches also makes them important economic engines for the region’s waterfront neighborhoods and beachfront communities, creating new jobs and economic opportunity.”

    “
    The region’s public beaches, like Constitution Beach in East Boston, are much more than a great place to spend the day,” said Representative Carlo Basile of East Boston, who Co-Chairs the Commission. “They are portals to the environment, remarkable recreational resources with the potential to improve the quality of life for all our residents.”

    The Commission would like to thank the nearly 1,000 people who took part in the hearings and helped to shape the findings and recommendations contained in their report. 

    Copies of the Commission’s report “Waves of Change” and the hearing minutes, public comments, the budget analysis and other technical reports and appendices on which the report is based are available online at www.savetheharbor.org/MBC2014

    About the Metropolitan Beaches Commission
    The Metropolitan Beaches Commission was created in 2006 by the Massachusetts Legislature to take an in-depth look at the metropolitan region’s public beaches in Nahant, Lynn, Revere, Winthrop, East Boston, South Boston, Dorchester, Quincy and Hull that are managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. You can download a copy of their 2014 report “Waves of Change” at www.savetheharbor.org/MBC2014.

    Co-chaired by Senator Tom McGee of Lynn and Representative Carlo Basile of East Boston the Commission reconvened in 2013 to examine the impacts of the reforms and recommendations made in its first report and issue additional findings and recommendations to better leverage these resources for residents in the future. The MBC is comprised of 22 elected officials and community, civic, nonprofit, and business leaders from Boston and the metropolitan region's waterfront neighborhoods and beachfront communities. It is led and managed by Save the Harbor/Save the Bay. 

    For more information, visit www.savetheharbor.org

    Friday, May 9, 2014

    Great Times, Great Memories, Lasting Friendships




    Hello, my name is Edlyn Chavez and I am the Development Intern at Save the Harbor/Save the Bay. I have been with Save the Harbor since the fall and continued into the spring, but like all internships they all come to an end. Working at Save the Harbor/Save the Bay has been such an amazing experience and I will miss the amazing staff and friends who advocate for the well-being of the Boston Harbor as well as the regions public beaches. 


    Looking back to when I started I was nervous and did not know what to expect from my internship, but at the same time I was excited to be a part of a great organization. Everything was new to me especially working for an environmental non-profit organization. As I began little did I know that I would be included in so many things related to foundation fundraising and submitting my very first online grant application!

    During my time here I have been learning a little bit about foundation fundraising. My internship has allowed me to see how non-profits work year round securing funds and making sure they have enough to run their programs. I was able to work along with great staff like Amy Davidson and learned so much from her experiences and skills as a grant writer. Thanks to Save the Harbor/Save the Bay I have had the opportunity to attend many of Associated Grant Makers workshops that taught me about the introduction to grant writing, how to research foundations, write winning proposal letters, and meet-the-donors talk panels. Other than that I have been responsible for creating and managing the 2014 Grants Calendar, where I kept track of important dates for foundations. I also managed to use what I learned from the workshops and guidance from Bruce to write my very own proposal for funding. This assignment was a challenging one because I have never written one before.

    I would like to take this moment to thank the staff and especially to Patty and Bruce for everything they have done for me. It’s such a bitter sweet moment, but I know I will continue on to do great things. As I begin a new chapter in my professional life I will always remember and thank Save the Harbor for giving me the opportunity to grow and continue learning.

    Have a great summer Save the Harbor/Save the Bay! 

    Edlyn S. Chavez 

    The Story of the Invasive Asian Shore Crab

          Hi! My name is Christian Herbosa. You may remember me from the blog post on the American Eel. Here's what I have to say about the Asian Shore Crab:
          The Asian Shore Crab is one of many invasive species that have successfully established colony populations in North America. An invasive species is an introduced species or a non-indigenous species that invades a habitat outside of their native range. These invasive species can have a negative environmental, ecological, or economic affect on the habitats they invade. Invasive species can come in all life forms: animals, plants, or in this case crabs.
          The Asian Shore Crab is native to the Western Pacific from Russia to Hong Kong including the Japanese Archipelago. Their enormous native range is largely due to their diet. They are opportunistic omnivores meaning they'll eat most things: microalgae, salt marsh grass, larval/juvenile fish, invertebrates, and more. Their flexible diet is also one of the main reasons why they were able to successfully invade the Eastern Seaboard of North America, despite the differences in ecology from the Western Pacific.
          It was first seen in North America in 1988 on the shores of New Jersey. It is widely believed that these critters found their way to the East Coast in the ballast water of a shipping vessel. Ballast water is held at the bottom of cargo ships in the ballast tank. The ballast water is used to lower the center of gravity of the ship in order to provide adequate stability after they drop off their cargo. So cargo ships will take on large amounts of coastal water into their ballast tank after they unload their cargo, then discharge their ballast water at their next port of call.
          The first Asian Shore Crab colonizers were probably taken onto a cargo ship in ballast water from the Western Pacific. These individuals then journeyed across the Pacific to the Atlantic in the ship's ballast tank to be discharged on the East Coast. This is the story of many invasive marine species including: the Zebra Mussel, several strains of Cholera, the European Green Crab, and many more.
    Nonnative Range of the Asian Shore Crab
          Since their invasion in 1988 the Asian Shore Crab has grown in population and range. Similar to their vast native range, these invasive crabs have established a extensive nonnative range on the East Coast stretching from North Carolina to Maine. Their introduction to the coastal ecosystems of North America has had a negative affect on the populations of the native marine species. The Asian Shore Crab threatens native species directly through predation and indirectly through competition for limited food sources. By disrupting the balance of the food chain, they pose a serious threat to a wide variety of native species including commercially viable crabs, shellfish, and fish. The overarching threat that Asian Shore Crabs and other invasive species pose is a threat to the biodiversity of the invaded habitats, which is crucial to the health of the native ecosystem. Invasive species in worldwide threaten biodiversity on a global scale. The aggregate quantity of invasive species has increased along side of our increasingly globalized society. A decrease in the global levels of biodiversity could have disastrous effects on the global ecosystem.
          So what do we do?!?! Well, once an invasive species has established itself, it is incredibly difficult (if not impossible) to get rid of them. So the best environmental policy response should be a forward thinking one. First, we should prevent the spread of invasive species in the future. Ballast water has been identified as the cause for a number of invasive species introductions. We must prohibit or treat the discharge of ballast water in nonnative areas.
          The second step is to mitigate the damage done by the these invasive species. We can limit or reverse the growth of invasive species by intervening in a number of ways. However these mitigation efforts can be costly. For example, removing the invasive water chestnuts from the Mystic and Charles Rivers has involved an enormous amount of volunteer and local government effort. As with many invasive species mitigation efforts, it is an consistent uphill battle with no end in sight.
          One solution that has been suggested for the Asian Shore Crab and many other invasive species is to eat them. Introducing invasive species to our diets could be one of the more commercially viable and tasty solutions. The members of this new environmentally responsible food movement to eat invasive species call themselves invasivores. Asian Shore Crabs are even on the menu at Miya's Sushi, a restaurant in New Haven Connecticut. You can find recipes for Asian Shore Crabs here.
           Another commercially viable option for the mitigation of the Asian Shore Crab is to use them as a replacement for Horseshoe Crabs in the bait industry. Thi Tran, one of Save the Harbor/Save the Bay's former Harbor Explorers, found Asian Shore Crabs as a useful replacement bait on one of our summer excursions to George's Island: read about it here! Asian Shore Crabs have attended many of Save the Harbor/Save the Bay's youth beach programs. While they represent a fun part of our summer youth programs, we feel that it is important to educate the youth and the general public about the environmental threat that they represent. In the summer of 2011, we conducted a research project to find out how the Asian Shore Crab has established its populations in the Boston Harbor. Our findings are pictured above to the right. To lean more about our research on Asian Shore Crabs in the Boston Harbor click here.

    To learn more about Asian Shore Crabs and the Invasive Species Problem, explore these links:




    Tuesday, May 6, 2014

    Sea, Sand and Dog Poop?

    The street where I grew up
    Hi, my name is Yudan Jiang. I come from an inland city of China, and my hometown is sitting near the nation’s longest river, Yangtze River. I studied Environmental Science in college, and with the desire to experience American education and culture, I came here for master program in Environmental Engineering. It is great experience in general, even those days struggling with deadlines and finals. My favorite thing about graduate school here is that everyone around me is really into what he/she is doing, which confirmed my enthusiasm for an environmental career. 

    A lake near my house
    During my program at Tufts, I worked on a team project of Stormwater Management with students from Urban Planning and Policy, and this is the first time I got to know how people from non-engineering background approach problems. Now I am an Environmental Policy Intern at Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, working to help improve water quality in Boston Harbor. Here I see how non-profit runs and secure funds, and when my cousin heard that I was with non-profit, he said, “Oh, so it is the same with the organization that Claire (Frank’s wife) is running in House of Cards?” I felt amused at what he said. In China, we also have many non-profits, but they haven’t caught much of the general public’s attention yet. The government started to realize the amazing role that non-profits could be, and I believe that there is increasing room for non-profits to develop and prosper now.

    My first project here was to familiarize myself with the concept of beach water safety and flagging system. The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) tests Enterococcus (a bacterial which can be an indicator for harmful bacteria in water) level in beach water daily or weekly, and if the amount exceeds a standard, then the water is deemed as not swimmable; the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) advises the public’s beach activities by posting flags on beaches from the tested results. It sounds a perfect system, but I was surprised that the beaches were flagged based on the samples taken on the previous day. However, it is unavoidable because it takes the lab 24 hours to process the sample and release the result. Given the fact that marine water is unlike fresh water—the tides could entirely change the water quality, it is unlikely that today’s water quality remains consistent with that of the previous day. This puts the flagging system on a questionable ground, which speaks for the reason that the flagging accuracy for existing system is needed. However, the good news is that most of the time the water is clean during the swimming season (May-Sep). For example, only 1 day exceeds the standard during the swimming season of 2012 for Pleasure Bay in South Boston.

    The other project I’ve worked on is sanitary survey, and the goal is to investigate the potential contamination source for Enterococcus in beach water. Sewage leakage from old and broken pipes, illegal connections to the pipeline, or even the storm water runoff carrying pollutants could make their contributions to the bacterial level in the nearby water body. But for some beaches, like Pleasure Bay, the infrastructure problem was pretty much settled but there were still occasionally bacterial exceedances in the water during the swimming season, like I mentioned earlier. How did this happen? Is there any neglected pollution source? And the answer is YES! As audience mentioned that Pleasure Bay was quite popular among dog walkers at 2014 Metropolitan Beaches Commission public hearing, we paid a visit to Pleasure Bay in March. Unsurprisingly, we found numerous dog poop piles left behind on the beach and quite a few dogs walked by their owners during weekends, which provides us a reasonable guess that dog may cause the problem!

    I was surrounded by dogs at Victory Park
    We also visited Victory Park, a park on the shoreline and locating north of Tenean Beach. Tenean Beach is not as clean as Pleasure Bay, and infrastructure (pipe) failure still remains a problem here. During our visits, we found that commercial dog walkers regularly visited to walk the dogs, and tremendous dog poop were left behind. This is the first time I was surrounded by so many dogs which were NOT-ON-LEASH. As my grandparents live in the suburbs, I spent lots of time there before I went to college in China. There dogs are mostly kept as guard dogs, they would bark at people they don’t know, chase after bikes and cars. I always held my breath when I walked past a dog, avoiding making eye contact. I was told that dogs would be scared if they see you bending, because that makes them think you want to pick something and hit them. And of course I tested it when the dog was on a firm leash attached to an iron bar, and it worked; the dog would back up when I bent, and that was super cool! However, when I was in Victory Park, there was no way to keep calm. 40 dogs were around, and almost all of them were off leash. I heard dogs barking everywhere and only 4 people watching them, and suddenly I saw 10 dogs running to me. You have no idea how terrified I was at that time, as they stopped to smell me, and spread their muddy paws onto my knees! I stood there, trying to be graceful, quickly putting on my thick gloves, thinking that at least I could protect myself a little bit if they bite me. Fortunately, they left me unhurt, and I survived. I am still proud of myself being surrounded by so many dogs!

    When we had those preliminary clues for dog problems, another thing needed to work on is to get an idea of how much pollution dog poop can generate. Take Pleasure Bay as an example, I performed calculations to estimate the required amount of dog poop to raise the entire bay’s Enterococcus level to the swimming standard, assuming that all bacterial released and mixed thoroughly in the water. As a result, 54 pounds of dog poop or 288 dog poop events is needed. It is not a huge amount of poop, and the common sense tells us that it couldn’t be the reality that 54 pounds of dog poop is washed into the ocean, mixed uniformly and stay for long time. However, it is likely that one or several dog poop piles would have the ability to pollute a stretch of beach for many hours. This is what the general public may not be aware of, when they are walking their dogs on a sunny day, not cleaning up after the dogs, probably thinking that a poop event won’t have much impact on the water quality, however, they are wrong. And this is why we are doing the work, using scientific knowledge to educate the public, and to make a better world! 

    Yudan Jiang

    Thursday, May 1, 2014

    The American Eel

                As an Environmental Policy Intern here at Save the Harbor/Save the Bay, I felt compelled to write a blog post about one of the most important creatures in the Boston Harbor, the American Eel. While these may be among the most slippery and slimy critters you've ever seen, they also play a crucial role in the ecosystem of the Boston Harbor as well as an important source of income for many New England fishermen. My name is Christian Herbosa, and I speak for the eels.
                 The American Eel is a migratory species of eel that can be found along the North American East Coast. American Eels are also known as the “glass eel”, “elvers”, or (if you’re a sushi eater) you may know them as unagi. These Eels spend most of their lives in freshwater rivers and estuaries along the East Coast, however they leave these habitats and travel thousands of miles to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. In the Sargasso Sea, a region of the North Atlantic, these eels lay eggs in a massive seaweed mat located east of the Bahamas. After these eggs hatch they make their way back to the freshwater rivers and estuaries along the East Coast where they can mature from juveniles to adult American Eels. These eels have a relatively slow rate of maturation needing 24 or more years before they reach sexual maturity.
               Eels are collected from their freshwater habitats on the East Coast in their juvenile stage. As juveniles they are generally 3 inches long and have translucent skin. After they are collected, they are sold to eel farms in China and other Asian countries where they mature to be about 3 feet long. Once they reach an ideal size they are harvested and sold for human consumption. American Eel is popularly served in the sushi dish unagi or in the grilled eel dish called kabayaki. Additionally, juvenile eels are also useful as fish bait.
                Until recent years there were only a handful of fishermen in Maine and South Carolina who were interested in the American Eel. However the demand for American eels increased after two developments in the eel trade. First, the global supply of eels available for trade decreased sharply after the 2010 European Moratorium on Exporting Eels. Second, a tsunami hit Japan in 2011, which severely damaged their eel stocks. After these events the price of juvenile American Eels skyrocketed. The price of baby American Eels increased from $25 per pound in 2003 to $1,997 per pound in 2012.
                As a result of the drastic increase in price, formerly small time fishermen were able to make a fortune. One fisherman allegedly made $200,000 in a night on the Penobscot River. The big profits sparked a gold rush of eel fishing. Unsurprisingly, these profits were followed by reports of historically low US eel stocks. In 2012 an assessment done by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission found that eel stocks were depleted in US waters. Since the Commission has passed several Addendums to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan to restore and protect the eel fishery on the East Coast using quotas to limit the harvest.
                The increased monetary value of these eels has created a very serious eel poaching problem along the East Coast. There have been several instances of large scale poaching in New England. In Massachusetts, it is illegal to harvest eels. The Massachusetts Environmental Police has deployed coastal officers to search for poaching activity in river from Cape Cod to the North Shore, nevertheless poaching persists. Part of the challenge in enforcing poaching restrictions is that it is relatively cheap and easy to catch baby eels. They are easy to intercept as they travel upstream from the ocean. Eel fishing gear often only includes mesh nets, waders, and a holding tank. No boat is necessary for eel fishing, which allows eel poachers to go about their business fairly discretely.
                 Eels are also threatened offshore in their breeding grounds in the Sargasso Sea.  The Sargasso Sea is located within the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The defining characteristic of the Sargasso Sea is that it is constituted of Holopelagic Sargassum, a free-floating algae. When the eels are sexually mature they migrate to the Sargasso Sea to lay buoyant eggs in this massive mat of seaweed. In the seaweed mat of the Sargasso Sea the eggs have a safe place to hatch. Once they enter their larval stage they begin their journey along the Gulf Stream to reach the coastal rivers and waterways along the East Coast where they can mature.
                These eel breeding grounds in the Sargasso Sea are threatened by a number of factors. As you may expect, major threats facing the Sargasso Sea include climate change and ocean acidification. Both land and sea based pollution are also a serious concern. Additionally, sargassum seaweed, which is an invaluable habitat for a number of marine species, is harvested to be used as a fertilizer and for the production of biofuels. The main impediment to protecting the Sargasso Sea and the marine life that it supports is the fact that the majority of the Sargasso Sea lies beyond the jurisdiction of any nation in international waters. The Sargasso Sea needs an international organization to conserve and protect its marine habitat.
                The Sargasso Sea Alliance, a partnership led by the Government of Bermuda, is leading the international effort to establish an institution to protect and manage the Sargasso Sea. The organization refers to the Sargasso Sea as “the golden floating rainforest of the Atlantic Ocean.” This organization fights for the international recognition of the Sargasso Sea as a habitat that serves a number of vital ecological functions for a diverse range of marine life including breeding grounds for the American Eel.
                In the Boston area, American Eels can be found in both the Mystic and Charles River.The Mystic River Watershed Association monitors American Eels as the pass the Upper Mystic Lake Dam. The MRWA recorded 2,908 eels in 2012, and they recorded 12,965 eels in 2013. One unique challenge that eels in the Mystic face are low oxygen levels that are created by the invasive Water Chestnut.
                The eels in the Charles have become celebrities at Save the Harbor/Save the Bay's youth summer programs. These slippery, slimy creatures are an integral part of the Boston Harbor Explorer's Community Boating event. Look at the eels that these harbor explorers caught at this link!
                Declining populations of American Eels can have negative ecological and commercial consequences. These eels constitute an important part of the diet of a wide range of fish and wildlife. They are a particularly important food source for commercial and recreational fisheries. Eel conservation is a particularly difficult task given their enormous migratory range.  Efforts to restore and protect American Eel populations must take place in both domestic and international forums. The survival of the American Eel is in everyone’s best interest.

    To learn more, explore these links: